Understanding Angioplasty: Procedure, Recovery, and Risks

No one expects to hear the words ‘heart blockage’ during a routine check-up. Yet, it happens more often than we think; and when it does, the first emotion is usually fear. But the truth is not every heart problem needs a complicated surgery. In fact, one of the most common treatments for blocked arteries is something much simpler: angioplasty.

Angioplasty is a non-surgical procedure that opens up narrowed arteries and helps blood flow back to the heart. It is minimally invasive, highly effective, and has helped millions regain control over their heart health. By gently widening narrowed arteries and restoring blood flow, angioplasty can significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks and improve quality of life.

At VSH Hospital, a trusted name for angioplasty in Bangalore, our goal is to make advanced cardiac care more accessible. Backed by expert cardiologists and advanced infrastructure, we provide evidence-based care with a strong focus on safety and outcomes.

This blog aims to simplify everything you need to know about angioplasty- how it works, what recovery involves, and the potential risks.

What is Angioplasty?

Angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to open narrowed or blocked arteries in the heart. It is most commonly performed to treat coronary artery disease- a condition where plaque builds up inside the arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart muscle.

This restricted flow can lead to symptoms such as chest pain (angina), fatigue, or even a heart attack, if left untreated. Angioplasty helps restore normal blood flow, improving oxygen supply to the heart and reducing the risk of serious complications.

How does it work?

During the procedure, a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted through a small incision, usually in the wrist or groin. This catheter is guided to the site of the blockage in the coronary artery. Once in position, a small balloon at the tip is inflated to push the plaque against the artery walls, effectively widening the artery.

In most cases, a tiny wire mesh tube called a stent is placed at the site to keep the artery open. The stent remains in the artery permanently, helping to prevent future narrowing.

Types of Angioplasty

Depending on the patient’s condition, the cardiologist may choose one of the following approaches:

• Balloon Angioplasty: Involves using only the balloon to widen the artery. A stent may or may not be placed afterward.
• Stent Placement (with Drug-Eluting or Bare Metal Stents):
  • Drug-Eluting Stents (DES) release medication slowly to prevent the artery from narrowing again.
  • Bare Metal Stents (BMS) are simpler but may carry a slightly higher risk of re-narrowing.
• Primary Angioplasty: Performed as an emergency procedure during a heart attack to restore blood flow quickly and minimise damage to the heart muscle.
• Peripheral Angioplasty: Though not for the heart, this is used to treat narrowed arteries in other parts of the body, like the legs. It follows a similar technique.

At VSH Hospital, we offer personalized angioplasty plans based on the severity of the blockage and the patient’s overall health. Our team of top cardiologists in Bangalore ensures that each decision is made with precision and long-term heart health in mind.

When is Angioplasty needed?

Angioplasty is usually recommended when one or more arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to a build-up of plaque- a condition known as coronary artery disease (CAD). This reduced blood flow puts extra strain on the heart and increases the risk of serious complications, including heart attacks.

Common Reasons When Doctors Recommend Angioplasty:

• Persistent chest pain (angina): Especially if it occurs during physical activity or stress and doesn’t respond well to medication.
• Shortness of breath or fatigue: Often a sign that the heart isn’t getting enough oxygen-rich blood.
• Abnormal stress test or angiogram: If diagnostic tests reveal significant blockage in the coronary arteries.
• Heart attack (myocardial infarction): In emergency cases, angioplasty is performed to quickly restore blood flow and limit damage to the heart muscle.
• Worsening symptoms despite medication: When lifestyle changes and medications no longer keep symptoms under control.

It's important to understand that not all blockages need to be opened with a stent. In some cases, medical management- including medications, lifestyle changes, and monitoring may be enough. The decision depends on several factors, including the severity of symptoms, the location and percentage of the blockage, and overall heart function.

How is Angioplasty performed?

For many patients, the idea of undergoing a heart procedure can feel overwhelming. But angioplasty is often quicker and less complex than most people expect.

Here’s a step-by-step overview of how it’s typically done:

1. Pre-Procedure Preparation
   Before the procedure, you'll have to undergo a few tests such as an ECG, blood work, or a coronary angiogram. You may be asked to avoid food or drink for several hours.
2. Local Anaesthesia
   You’ll remain awake during the procedure, but a local anaesthetic will be used to numb the area where the catheter will be inserted- usually in your wrist or groin. You may feel some pressure, but not pain.
3. Catheter Insertion
   A thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted into the blood vessel and gently guided through the arteries to reach the blockage in the heart.
4. Balloon Inflation
   Once the catheter is in place, a small balloon at the tip is carefully inflated. This balloon pushes the fatty deposits (plaque) against the artery walls, allowing blood to flow more freely.
5. Stent Placement
   In most cases, a stent- a tiny wire mesh tube is placed at the site of the blockage. It stays in the artery permanently to keep it open and reduce the risk of it narrowing again. Some stents release medication over time to help prevent future blockages.
6. Closing the Entry Site
   After the procedure, the catheter is removed, and the entry site is closed. If the groin was used, you’ll need to lie flat for a few hours to allow the artery to heal. A pressure band or dressing is usually applied.

Most angioplasty procedures take between 30 minutes to 1.5 hours, depending on the complexity of the blockage. In emergency cases, the process may be faster.

Recovery After Angioplasty

Recovery is typically smooth and relatively quick, especially when the procedure is done early and under expert care.

• Hospital Stay: Most patients stay in the hospital for 1 to 2 days after the procedure for observation. If angioplasty was performed after a heart attack, the stay might be slightly longer.
• Returning to Normal Activities: You can usually return to normal daily activities including work within a week. Heavy lifting and intense physical activity should be avoided for a short period, as advised by your doctor.
• Lifestyle Recommendations: Angioplasty improves blood flow, but it doesn’t cure heart disease. Making healthy lifestyle changes is important:
  • Quit smoking
  • Follow a balanced diet low in saturated fats and salt
  • Stay active (after medical clearance)
  • Take medications as prescribed
  • Manage stress and follow up regularly

Risks and Possible Complications

Angioplasty is a common and generally safe procedure, especially when performed by experienced cardiologists using advanced facilities. However, like any medical procedure, it does carry some risks.

Common Risks

• Bleeding or bruising at the catheter insertion site
• Re-narrowing of the artery (known as restenosis), especially if a stent is not used or follow-up care is neglected

Less Common, But Serious Risks

• Heart attack during or shortly after the procedure
• Stroke
• Blood clots forming near the stent
• Allergic reactions to the stent used (very rare)

It’s important to remember that these complications are rare, and your cardiologist will take every precaution to minimise risk. At VSH Hospital, patient safety is prioritised at every step - from preparation to follow-up.

Cost of Angioplasty in Bangalore

The cost of angioplasty in Bangalore can vary based on several factors, including the type of stent used, the hospital's infrastructure, and insurance coverage.

At most reputable hospitals, the cost of angioplasty in Bangalore ranges from ₹1.5 lakhs to ₹3.5 lakhs. This includes hospital stay, doctor fees, diagnostic tests, and consumables.

Factors That Influence Cost:

• Type of stent used
• Hospital facilities and accreditation
• Doctor’s expertise
• Insurance coverage and policy terms
• Whether it’s an emergency or planned procedure

At VSH Hospital, we offer transparent, all-inclusive packages for angioplasty. Our patient care team is available to help you understand costs, insurance claims, and financing options. You can contact us directly or visit the hospital to receive a personalised estimate based on your treatment plan.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is angioplasty a permanent solution for heart blockage?

Angioplasty can significantly improve blood flow and reduce symptoms, but it isn’t a cure for heart disease. Over time, arteries can narrow again- especially if risk factors like high cholesterol, smoking, or diabetes are not managed. That’s why lifestyle changes, medications, and regular follow-up care are essential, even after a successful procedure.

2. Will I need medicines after angioplasty?

Yes. Most patients will need to take medications to prevent blood clots, manage cholesterol, and control blood pressure. Your cardiologist will tailor your prescription based on your condition and stent type.

3. How soon can I drive or return to work after angioplasty?

For most patients, driving can usually resume after 1 week, as long as there are no complications. Returning to work depends on the type of work you do- desk jobs can resume in about a week, while physically demanding jobs may require more rest.

4. Is angioplasty painful?

The procedure itself is not painful because of local anaesthesia. You may feel mild pressure or discomfort when the balloon is inflated, but it’s temporary. After the procedure, some soreness at the catheter insertion site is normal and usually resolves in a few days.

5. What are the types of angioplasty?

There are a few types, depending on the nature of the blockage and the treatment approach:
Balloon Angioplasty: The artery is widened using a balloon alone.
Angioplasty with Stenting: A stent is placed to keep the artery open long-term.
Primary Angioplasty: Done during a heart attack to restore blood flow quickly.

Angioplasty can be life-changing — restoring blood flow, reducing symptoms, and helping patients regain heart health. With Bangalore emerging as a top destination for cardiac care, VSH Hospital stands out for its advanced technology, expert cardiologists, and transparent pricing.

Whether you’re still exploring treatment options or ready to consult a specialist, having a clear understanding of the procedure and recovery involved empowers you to make a confident, well-informed decision.